1494–1554) identified the Moors ( Mauri) as the native Berber inhabitants of the former Roman Africa Province ( Roman Africans). The 16th century scholar Leo Africanus (c. ĭuring the Latin Middle Ages, Mauri was used to refer to Berbers and Arabs in the coastal regions of Northwest Africa. The Moors were also mentioned by Tacitus as having revolted against the Roman Empire in 24 AD.
This appellation was also adopted into Latin, whereas the Greek name for the tribe was Maurusii ( Ancient Greek: Μαυρούσιοι). Mauri (Μαῦροι) is recorded as the native name by Strabo in the early 1st century. The Berber tribes of the region were noted in the Classics as Mauri, which was subsequently rendered as "Moors" in English and in related variations in other European languages. ĭuring the classical period, the Romans interacted with, and later conquered, parts of Mauretania, a state that covered modern northern Morocco, western Algeria, and the Spanish cities Ceuta and Melilla. Some sources attribute a Hebrew origin to the word. The word "Moor" is presumably of Phoenician origin. From Mahurin, the ancient Greeks derive Mauro, from which Latin derives Mauri. The etymology of the word "Moor" is uncertain, although it can be traced back to the Phoenician term Mahurin, meaning "Westerners". Etymologyįurther information: Mauri people and Mauretania Name A figure of a Moor being trampled by a conquistador's horse at the National Museum of the Viceroyalty in Tepotzotlan. The fall of Granada in 1492 marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain, although a Muslim minority persisted until their expulsion in 1609. In 1224, the Muslims were expelled from Sicily to the settlement of Lucera, which was destroyed by European Christians in 1300. Differences in religion and culture led to a centuries-long conflict with the Christian kingdoms of Europe, which tried to reclaim control of Muslim areas this conflict was referred to as the Reconquista. They eventually went on to consolidate the rest of the island. In 827, the Moors occupied Mazara on Sicily, developing it as a port. The Iberian Peninsula then came to be known in Classical Arabic as al-Andalus, which at its peak included most of Septimania and modern-day Spain and Portugal. In 711, troops mostly formed by Moors from northern Africa led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. In the Philippines, the longstanding Muslim community, which predates the arrival of the Spanish, now self-identifies as the " Moro people", an exonym introduced by Spanish colonizers due to their Muslim faith. During the colonial era, the Portuguese introduced the names " Ceylon Moors" and " Indian Moors" in South Asia and Sri Lanka, and the Bengali Muslims were also called Moors. The term has also been used in Europe in a broader sense to refer to Muslims in general, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in al-Andalus or North Africa. The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica observed that the term had "no real ethnological value." Europeans of the Middle Ages and the early modern period variously applied the name to Arabs, Berbers, and Muslim Europeans.
Moors are not a single, distinct or self-defined people. The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus ( Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. For other uses, see Moor.Ĭastillian ambassadors attempting to convince Moorish Almohad king Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada to join their alliance (contemporary depiction from the Cantigas de Santa María) Christian and Moor playing chess, from The Book of Games of Alfonso X, c. This article is about a historical term for various groups of Muslims.
0 kommentar(er)
